TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - The impact of acute and short-term methamphetamine abstinence on brain metabolites: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy chemical shift imaging study
JO  - Drug and alcohol dependence
A1  - Burger, Antoinette
A1  - Brooks, Samantha J.
A1  - Stein, Dan J.
A1  - Howells, Fleur M.
SP  - 226
EP  - 237
VL  - 185
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Abuse of methamphetamine (MA) is a global health concern. Previous BACKGROUND: H-MRS studies have found that, with methamphetamine abstinence (MAA), there are changes in n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA/Cr), myo-inositol (mI/Cr), choline (Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA), and glutamate with glutamine (Glx) metabolites. Limited studies have investigated the effect of acute MAA, and acute-to-short-term MAA on brain metabolites. <br><br>METHODS: Adults with chronic MA dependence (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 22) were recruited. Two-dimensional chemical shift METHODS: H-MRS imaging (TR2000 ms, TE30 ms) slice was performed and included voxels in bilateral anterior-cingulate (ACC), frontal-white-matter (FWM), and dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortices (DLPFC). Control participants were scanned once. The MA group was scanned twice, with acute (1.5 ± 0.6 weeks, n = 31) and short-term MAA (5.1 ± 0.8 weeks, n = 22). The change in METHODS: H-MRS metabolites over time (n = 19) was also investigated. Standard METHODS: H-MRS metabolites are reported relative to Cr + PCr. <br><br>RESULTS: Acute MAA showed lower n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and n-acetyl-aspartate with n-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAA + NAAG) in left DLPFC, and glycerophosphocholine with phosphocholine (GPC + PCh) in left FWM. Short-term MAA showed lower NAA + NAAG and higher myo-inositol (mI) in right ACC, lower NAA and NAA + NAAG in the left DLPFC, and lower GPC + PCh in left FWM. Over time, MAA showed decreased NAA and NAA + NAAG and increased mI in right ACC, decreased NAA and NAA + NAAG in right FWM, and decreased in mI in left FWM. <br><br>CONCLUSION: In acute MAA, there was damage to the integrity of neuronal tissue, which was enhanced with short-term MAA. From acute to short-term MAA, activation of neuroinflammatory processes are suggested. This is the first CONCLUSION: H-MRS study to report the development of neuroinflammation with loss of neuronal integrity in MAA.<br><br>Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0376-8716
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.029
ID  - ref1
ER  -