TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - The imperatives of sustainable development
JO  - Sustainable Development
A1  - Holden, Erling
A1  - Linnerud, Kristin
A1  - Banister, David
SP  - 213
EP  - 226
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
N2  - The United Nations sustainable development goals are under fire. By attempting to cover all that is good and desirable in society, these targets have ended up as vague, weak, or meaningless. We suggest a model for sustainable development based on three moral imperatives: satisfying human needs, ensuring social equity, and respecting environmental limits. The model reflects Our Common Future's central message, moral imperatives laid out in philosophical texts on needs and equity, and recent scientific insights on environmental limits. The model is in conflict with the popular three-pillar model of sustainable development, which seeks to balance social, environmental, and economic targets. Rather, we argue that sustainable development constitutes a set of constraints on human behaviour, including constraints on economic activity. By identifying indicators, and thresholds, we illustrate that different regions or groups of countries face different challenges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0968-0802
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.1647
ID  - ref1
ER  -