TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Long-term effects of chemical warfare on post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and chronic medical conditions in veterans
JO  - Community mental health journal
A1  - Safi-Aghdam, Hamideh
A1  - Shafie, Mehrzad
A1  - Khoshdel, Alireza
A1  - Moazen-Zadeh, Ehsan
A1  - Avakh, Farhad
A1  - Rahmani, Arash
SP  - 493
EP  - 496
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
N2  - We investigated the association between exposure to chemical warfare and chronic mental/physical conditions. This was a secondary analysis of data from a case-control study on Iranian male veterans. Participants with neuropsychiatric disorders other than depressive/anxiety disorders, anatomical defects, or malignancies were excluded. Compared to non-exposed veterans, exposed veterans demonstrated significantly higher odds of PTSD [OR (95% CI) = 5.23 (1.98-13.85)], hypertension [OR (95% CI) = 5.57 (1.68-18.48)], coronary heart disease [OR (95% CI) = 6.8 (1.62-28.49)], and diabetes [OR (95% CI) = 3.88 (1.35-11.16)], and marginally higher odds of moderate to severe depressive symptoms [OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (0.93-5.28)]. This study provides preliminary evidence on association of exposure to chemical warfare with long-term mental disorders as well as chronic medical conditions.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0010-3853
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0277-1
ID  - ref1
ER  -