TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Emergent groups and spontaneous volunteers in urban disaster response
JO  - Environment and urbanization
A1  - Twigg, John
A1  - Mosel, Irina
SP  - 443
EP  - 458
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
N2  - Spontaneous responses by self-organizing, "emergent" voluntary groups and individuals are a common feature of urban disasters. Their activities include search and rescue, transporting and distributing relief supplies, and providing food and drink to victims and emergency workers. However, informal actors are rarely incorporated into formal disaster and humanitarian planning. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge concerning the nature and scale of emergent activity around the world, its impact in the short and long terms, challenges associated with it in different contexts, and lessons for future urban humanitarian practice.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0956-2478
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817721413
ID  - ref1
ER  -