TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2018//
TI  - Heading and unintentional head impacts have opposing associations with patient reported outcomes in amateur soccer players
JO  - Research in sports medicine
A1  - Hunter, Liane E.
A1  - Ifrah, Chloe
A1  - Zimmerman, Molly E.
A1  - Kim, Mimi
A1  - Lipton, Richard B.
A1  - Stewart, Walter F.
A1  - Lipton, Michael L.
SP  - 390
EP  - 400
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
N2  - The effects of soccer-related head impacts, beyond overt concussions, on Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) have not been explored to date. Generalized estimating equations were employed to determine the association between soccer-related head impacts (headers in the prior 2 weeks, unintentional head impacts in the prior 2 weeks, headers in the prior 12 months and lifetime concussions) on PROs including depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance and sleep impairment. Compared to players with no unintentional head impacts in the prior 2 weeks, players with one unintentional exposure reported more symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.002) and players with 2+ exposures reported more symptoms of depression (p = 0.006) and anxiety (p < 0.001). In contrast, players in the 3rd Quartile of 12 mo. headers reported less anxiety (p = 0.001), sleep disturbance (p = 0.002) and sleep impairment (p < 0.001) compared to those in the 1st quartile. Unintentional head impacts are associated with worse PROs while more headers are paradoxically associated with better PROs.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1543-8627
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2018.1492396
ID  - ref1
ER  -