TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Vigilance states: central neural pathways, neurotransmitters and neurohormone
JO  - Endocrine, metabolic and immune disorders drug targets
A1  - Iovino, Michele
A1  - Messana, Tullio
A1  - De Pergola, Giovanni
A1  - Iovino, Emanuela
A1  - Guastamacchia, Edoardo
A1  - Giagulli, Vito Angelo
A1  - Triggiani, Vincenzo
SP  - 26
EP  - 37
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
N2  - Bakground and objective: The sleep-wake cycle is characterized by a circadian rhythm involving neurotransmitters and neurohormones that are released from brainstem nuclei and hypothalamus. Aim of this review is to analyze the role played by central neural pathways, neurotrasmitters and neurohormones in the regulation of vigilance states. <br><br>METHODS: We analyzed the literature identifying relevant articles dealing with central neural pathways, neurotrasmitters and neurohormones involved in the control of wakefulness and sleep. <br><br>RESULTS: The reticular activating system is the key center in the control of the states of wakefulness and sleep via alertness and hypnogenic centers. Neurotransmitters and neurohormones interplay during the dark-light cycle in order to maintain a normal plasmatic concentrations of ions, proteins and peripheral hormones, and behavioral state control. <br><br>CONCLUSION: An updated description of pathways, neurotransmitters and neurohormones involved in the regulation of vigilance states has been depicted.<br><br>Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1871-5303
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530318666180816115720
ID  - ref1
ER  -