TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Moderate to severe gambling problems and traumatic brain injury: a population-based study
JO  - Psychiatry research
A1  - Turner, Nigel E.
A1  - McDonald, André J.
A1  - Ialomiteanu, Anca R.
A1  - Mann, Robert E.
A1  - McCready, John
A1  - Millstone, Dov
A1  - Hamilton, Hayley
A1  - Elton-Marshall, Tara
A1  - Rehm, Jürgen
A1  - Kurdyak, Paul
A1  - Ilie, Gabriela
A1  - Wickens, Christine M.
A1  - Le, Thao Lan
A1  - van der Maas, Mark
A1  - Faregh, Neda
A1  - Cook, Steven
A1  - Bondy, Susan
A1  - Sanchez, Sherald
A1  - Cusimano, Michael D.
SP  - 692
EP  - 697
VL  - 272
IS  - 
N2  - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury characterized by a change in brain function after an external blow to the head and is associated with substance abuse, psychological distress, risk-taking, and impulsivity. Convenience and clinical samples have also linked TBI to problem gambling, but have not ruled out confounding variables such as hazardous drinking and psychological distress. This study examines the relationship between TBI and moderate to severe problem gambling in a general population probability sample controlling for hazardous drinking and psychological distress. The data were obtained from a 2015-2016 cross-sectional general population telephone survey of adults ages 18+from Ontario, Canada (N = 3809). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association as adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Moderate to severe problem gambling was independently associated with a history of TBI after adjusting for potential confounders (AOR: 2.80), and had a statistically significant relationship with psychological distress (AOR = 2.74), hazardous drinking (AOR = 2.69), and lower educational levels (AOR = 0.37). This study provides further data to suggest a link between TBI and moderate to severe problem gambling; however, more research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship or the potential implications for prevention and treatment.<br><br>Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0165-1781
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.170
ID  - ref1
ER  -