TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Null effects of game violence, game difficulty, and 2D:4D digit ratio on aggressive behavior
JO  - Psychological science
A1  - Hilgard, Joseph
A1  - Engelhardt, Christopher R.
A1  - Rouder, Jeffrey N.
A1  - Segert, Ines L.
A1  - Bartholow, Bruce D.
SP  - 606
EP  - 616
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
N2  - Researchers have suggested that acute exposure to violent video games is a cause of aggressive behavior. We tested this hypothesis by using violent and nonviolent games that were closely matched, collecting a large sample, and using a single outcome. We randomly assigned 275 male undergraduates to play a first-person-shooter game modified to be either violent or less violent and hard or easy. After completing the game-play session, participants were provoked by a confederate and given an opportunity to behave aggressively. Neither game violence nor game difficulty predicted aggressive behavior. Incidentally, we found that 2D:4D digit ratio, thought to index prenatal testosterone exposure, did not predict aggressive behavior. <br><br>RESULTS do not support acute violent-game exposure and low 2D:4D ratio as causes of aggressive behavior.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0956-7976
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619829688
ID  - ref1
ER  -