TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Children's transport built environments: a mixed methods study of associations between perceived and objective measures and relationships with parent licence for independent mobility in Auckland, New Zealand
JO  - International journal of environmental research and public health
A1  - Smith, Melody
A1  - Amann, Rebecca
A1  - Cavadino, Alana
A1  - Raphael, Deborah
A1  - Kearns, Robin
A1  - Mackett, Roger
A1  - Mackay, Lisa
A1  - Carroll, Penelope
A1  - Forsyth, Euan
A1  - Mavoa, Suzanne
A1  - Zhao, Jinfeng
A1  - Ikeda, Erika
A1  - Witten, Karen
SP  - e16081361
EP  - e16081361
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
N2  - Children's independent mobility is declining internationally. Parents are the gatekeepers of children's independent mobility. This mixed methods study investigates whether parent perceptions of the neighbourhood environment align with objective measures of the neighbourhood built environment, and how perceived and objective measures relate to parental licence for children's independent mobility. Parents participating in the Neighbourhood for Active Kids study (<i>n</i> = 940) answered an open-ended question about what would make their neighbourhoods better for their child's independent mobility, and reported household and child demographics. <br><br>OBJECTIVE measures of the neighbourhood built environment were generated using geographic information systems. Content analysis was used to classify and group parent-reported changes required to improve their neigbourhood. Parent-reported needs were then compared with objective neighbourhood built environment measures. Linear mixed modelling examined associations between parental licence for independent mobility and (1) parent neighbourhood perceptions; and (2) objectively assessed neighbourhood built environment features. Parents identified the need for safer traffic environments. No significant differences in parent reported needs were found by objectively assessed characteristics. Differences in odds of reporting needs were observed for a range of socio-demographic characteristics. Parental licence for independent mobility was only associated with a need for safer places to cycle (positive) and objectively assessed cycling infrastructure (negative) in adjusted models. Overall, the study findings indicate the importance of safer traffic environments for children's independent mobility.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1661-7827
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081361
ID  - ref1
ER  -