TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - Study on the smoke back-layering and critical ventilation in the road tunnel fire at high altitude
JO  - Fire and materials
A1  - Zhang, Shaogang
A1  - Wang, Jinhui
A1  - He, Kun
A1  - Yao, Yongzheng
A1  - Peng, Min
SP  - 422
EP  - 429
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
N2  - A series of numerical simulations were conducted in order to investigate the characteristics of smoke back-layering and critical ventilation in the road tunnel at high altitude with reduced ambient atmospheric pressures. The results indicated that the smoke back-layering length decreases with the reduction of ambient pressure. Meanwhile, the dimensionless critical longitudinal ventilation velocity decreases with one-third power of the factor of ambient pressure at high altitude. By modifying the traditional dimensionless fire heat release rate with ambient pressure, new models were deduced to predict the smoke back-layering length and critical ventilation velocity in the road tunnel at high altitude.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0308-0501
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2714
ID  - ref1
ER  -