TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2019//
TI  - The Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model and the development of callous-unemotional traits
JO  - Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
A1  - Waller, Rebecca
A1  - Wagner, Nicholas
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - Research implicates callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., lack of empathy, prosociality, and guilt, and reduced sensitivity to others' emotions) in the development of severe and persistent antisocial behavior. To improve etiological models of antisocial behavior and develop more effective treatments, we need a better understanding of the origins of CU traits. In this review, we discuss the role of two psychobiological and mechanistic precursors to CU traits: low affiliative reward (i.e., deficits in seeking out or getting pleasure from social bonding and closeness with others) and low threat sensitivity (i.e., fearlessness to social and non-social threat). We outline the Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model and review studies that have examined the development of affiliative reward and threat sensitivity across animal, neuroimaging, genetic, and behavioral perspectives. We next evaluate evidence for the STAR model, specifically the claim that CU traits result from deficits in both affiliative reward and threat sensitivity. We end with constructive suggestions for future research to test the hypotheses generated by the STAR model.<br><br>Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0149-7634
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.005
ID  - ref1
ER  -