TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2020//
TI  - Can co-speech gestures alone carry the mental time line?
JO  - Journal of experimental psychology: learning, memory, and cognition
A1  - Winter, Bodo
A1  - Duffy, Sarah E.
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - Time and space have been shown to be interlinked in people's minds. To what extent can co-speech gestures influence thinking about time, over and above spoken language? In this study, we use the ambiguous question "Next Wednesday's meeting has been moved forward two days, what day is it on now?" to show that people either respond "Monday" or "Friday," depending on gesture. We manipulated both language (using either the adverb "forward," or the adverb "backward") and gesture (forward and backward movement), thus creating matches and mismatches between speech and gesture. <br><br>RESULTS show that the speech manipulation exerts a stronger influence on people's temporal perspectives than gesture. Moreover, the effect of gesture disappears completely for certain hand shapes and if non-movement language is used ("changed by two days" as opposed to "moved by two days"). We additionally find that the strength of the gesture effect is moderated by likability: When people like the gesturer, they are more prone to assuming their perspective, which completely changes the meaning of forward and backward gestural movements. Altogether, our results suggest that gesture does play a role in thinking about time, but this role is auxiliary when compared with speech, and the degree to which gesture matters depends on one's social relation to the gesturer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0278-7393
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000836
ID  - ref1
ER  -