TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2020//
TI  - Availability, promotion, and signs of alcohol consumption: a mixed methods study of perceived exposure and objective measures
JO  - International journal of environmental research and public health
A1  - Pastor, Andrea
A1  - de la Fuente, Irene Molina
A1  - Sandín Vázquez, María
A1  - Conde, Paloma
A1  - Bosque-Prous, Marina
A1  - Franco, Manuel
A1  - Shortt, Niamh
A1  - Sureda, Xisca
SP  - e8153
EP  - e8153
VL  - 17
IS  - 21
N2  - This study describes the alcohol environment comparing residents' perceptions and objective measures in two different income-level districts. Measures were gathered between 2017 and 2018 in two districts with different income levels in Madrid, Spain. We obtained perceived measures using Photovoice. We procured objective measures through social systematic observation. Data were integrated using triangulation. Perceived and objective measures of the alcohol environment were characterized and compared in terms of alcohol availability, alcohol promotion, and signs of alcohol consumption. The integration was classified as agreement, partial agreement, or dissonance. The results related to alcohol availability and signs of its consumption showed high agreement. Availability was high in both areas, which was recognized by residents. Residents of the high-income district (HID) discussed fewer signs of alcohol consumption, whilst those in the low-income district (LID) reported extensive signs of consumption. Such observations agreed with the objective measures. There were dissonances between the approaches for alcohol promotion. Although the alcohol promotion was higher in HID according to the objective measures, it was deeply discussed by LID residents. Both methodologies helped us deepen the understanding of the alcohol environment. These results may help design more effective interventions to prevent hazardous drinking.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1661-7827
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218153
ID  - ref1
ER  -