TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2020//
TI  - Suicide by helium inhalation in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2019
JO  - Forensic science international
A1  - van den Hondel, Karen E.
A1  - Punt, Priscilla
A1  - Dorn, Tina
A1  - Ceelen, Manon
A1  - Aarts, Francée
A1  - van der Zande, Dianne
A1  - van Kuijk, Sieb
A1  - Duijst, Wilma
A1  - Stumpel, Rene
A1  - van Mesdag, Taco
A1  - Vervoort, Will
A1  - IJzermans, Anke
A1  - de Vries, Philip
A1  - Verweij, Jeroen
A1  - van Remmen, Jacquo
A1  - Van Hooren, Roland
A1  - Kruyver, Bart
A1  - Buster, Marcel
A1  - Reijnders, Udo J. L.
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - INTRODUCTION: In 2012 and 2013 a movie and a book about a 'dignified end of life' were published in the Netherlands. These items described suicide using an 'exit bag' to establish asphyxiation using helium (the helium method). 'Right-to-die-organisations' inform the elderly about this method. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of suicidal asphyxiation by means of the helium method substituted other, related, methods following its publication in the Netherlands.     MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed suicides in the Netherlands over the period from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2019. We compared the number of deaths caused by the helium method with other, related, cases. Secondly, we related these deaths to the total number of inhabitants and suicides recorded by Statistics Netherlands.     RESULTS: The study showed a stable trend in the use of the helium method in the period 2012-2019 and this was the same for the other, related methods. Individuals using the helium method were significantly younger than those using other, related, methods. At the scene of death, information about suicide and suicide notes were found more often at 'helium method' cases than with the 'other, related, methods' cases. Family was significantly more often present during a helium method suicide than during suicide by other, related, methods.     DISCUSSION: The number of suicides by the helium method and other, related, cases is stable in the Netherlands over the past years. Therefore, we conclude that there is no substitution effect within this category of suicides. Whilst 'right-to-die-organisations' strive to inform the old and sick of the helium method, it is noteworthy that the individuals using the helium method are significantly younger than the individuals who choose other, related, methods.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0379-0738
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110566
ID  - ref1
ER  -