TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2020//
TI  - The direct and indirect impact of trauma types and cumulative stressors and traumas on executive functions
JO  - Applied neuropsychology. Adult
A1  - Kira, Ibrahim Aref
A1  - Shuweikh, Hanaa
A1  - Al-Huwailiah, Amthal
A1  - El-Wakeel, Sayed Ahmed
A1  - Waheep, Nevein Nirouz
A1  - Ebada, Eman Ezzaat
A1  - Ibrahim, El-Sheikh R.
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - The goal was to measure the effects of trauma types, cumulative trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), existential annihilation anxiety (EAA), and posttraumatic growth (PTG) on executive functions. The study sample consists of 1155 from Egypt and Kuwait. Measures included adults working memory deficits (WMD) and inhibition deficits (ID), and cumulative stressors and traumas (CST) and trauma types, PTSD, EAA, and PTG. We used Stepwise regression and PROCESS macro to analyze the data. <br><br>RESULTS indicated that survival and cumulative traumas have direct effects on a lower WMD and ID, attachment traumas and gender discrimination by parents have direct impacts on higher WMD and ID, while personal identity, status identity, secondary trauma, gender discrimination by society, community violence do not have any direct effects on WMD or ID. All traumas have indirect effects on higher WMD or/and ID via PTSD. Gender discrimination by society, community violence, and CST has an additional indirect higher impact on WMD and ID via EAA. There were indirect trajectories from survival trauma, personal identity, status identity trauma, secondary trauma, gender discrimination by society, and CST on lower WMD or/and ID via PTG. Attachment trauma, gender discrimination by parents, perpetration traumas, and community violence were not associated with PTG and its trajectories of lower WMD or/and ID. We discussed the research and clinical implication for these results.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2327-9095
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2020.1848835
ID  - ref1
ER  -