TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2020//
TI  - Profile of incidental exposures to e-cigarette liquids in Europe, 2018-2019
JO  - Human and experimental toxicology
A1  - Vardavas, Constantine I.
A1  - Girvalaki, Charis
A1  - Odani, Satomi
A1  - Nikitara, Katerina
A1  - de Vries, Irma
A1  - van Riel, Antoinette
A1  - van Sommeren-de Potter, Iris
A1  - Grass, Johanna Nordmark
A1  - Grassi, Maria Caterina
A1  - Deim, Szilvia
A1  - Balázs, Andrea
A1  - Fosztó, Szabolcs
A1  - Schiel, Helmut
A1  - Arif, Tara
A1  - Eronen, Anna-Kaisa
A1  - Alonso, Antonio Alonso
A1  - Menor, José Luis Conejo
A1  - Arrieta, Rosa Martinez
A1  - Babić, Željka
A1  - Turk, Rajka
A1  - Vardavas, Alexander I.
A1  - Tsatsakis, Aristidis
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - BACKGROUND: Following the implementation of the European Union Tobacco Product Directive (EU TPD) regulations on e-cigarette products in 2016, we assessed the current profile of e-cigarette liquid exposure incidents and their associated health outcomes.     METHODS: De-identified data were received from poison centers in eight EU Member States (Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Hungary Austria, Finland, Spain and Croatia) reporting on e-cigarette liquid exposure incidents between August 2018 to December 2019. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present incident characteristics and health outcomes. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to test associations.     RESULTS: Of the 223 e-liquid exposure incidents recorded by poison centers in multiple EU MS, 64.7% of the cases were unintentional exposures, ranging from 48.4% among adults aged ≥19 years to 100.0% among children aged 0-5 years (p < 0.05). The most frequent route of exposure was ingestion (73.5%) while55.2% experienced any clinical symptoms, including nausea (16.6%), vomiting (11.1%), and dizziness (9.0%). 57.8% of the cases were treated at the residence or on-site.     CONCLUSION: Further monitoring is warranted, using uniform reporting requirements, to ensure the continued compliance to the EU TPD and assess its long-term impact on related incident characteristics.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0960-3271
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327120975828
ID  - ref1
ER  -