TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2003//
TI  - Etiology of traumatic brain injury: Characterization of differential outcomes up to 1 year postinjury
JO  - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
A1  - Bushnik, Tamara
A1  - Hanks, Robin A.
A1  - Kreutzer, J.
A1  - Rosenthal, M.
SP  - 255
EP  - 262
VL  - 84
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To characterize outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from vehicular crashes, violence, falls, or other causes. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, longitudinal. SETTING: Seventeen Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,170 individuals with moderate to severe TBI with data from initial medical and rehabilitation stays and 1-year follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At rehabilitation discharge, FIM instrument, Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and Rancho Los Amigo Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale. At 1 year postinjury, FIM, DRS, Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), employment, residence, marital status, and seizure occurrence. RESULTS: The 4 etiology groups could be distinguished based on premorbid characteristics. Severity of injury indices indicated that individuals in vehicular crashes showed a trend toward incurring more severe injuries than the other 3 groups. At rehabilitation discharge, there were no functional differences between groups. At 1 year postinjury, the groups could be differentiated: individuals in violence-related TBI had higher unemployment rates and lower CIQ scores; persons in vehicular crashes reported the best functional and psychosocial outcomes; and individuals in the falls and other groups had outcomes lying between the vehicular and violence groups. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated important differences between persons with violence-related TBI and those with non-violence-related TBI. Further research is needed to find effective interventions to address these differences.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0003-9993
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.50092
ID  - ref1
ER  -