TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - The development of post-traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents who experience cyber and traditional victimization over time
JO  - Journal of youth and adolescence
A1  - Holfeld, Brett
A1  - Mishna, Faye
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - Adolescents' experiences of bullying victimization are positively associated with their post-traumatic stress symptoms. The development of these symptoms alongside experiences of bullying victimization over time, however, are not well understood. The current study used a transactional theory of development to examine the bidirectional associations between adolescents' post-traumatic stress symptoms and experiences of cyber and traditional victimization across three academic years. Participants were 510 Canadian students in grade 7 or 10 (M(age) = 13.7, 61.6% girls) who completed surveys annually. The findings show that adolescents' concurrent experiences of cyber and traditional victimization were uniquely associated with their post-traumatic stress symptoms. Over time, greater post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with more experiences of cyber and traditional victimization among adolescent boys and girls. Prevention and intervention efforts must address the role of post-traumatic stress symptoms that may limit adolescents' ability to develop or maintain healthy relationships.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0047-2891
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01394-3
ID  - ref1
ER  -