TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Atmospheric wave energy of the 2020 August 4 explosion in Beirut, Lebanon, from ionospheric disturbances
JO  - Scientific reports
A1  - Kundu, Bhaskar
A1  - Senapati, Batakrushna
A1  - Matsushita, Ai
A1  - Heki, Kosuke
SP  - e2793
EP  - e2793
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
N2  - Atmospheric waves excited by strong surface explosions, both natural and anthropogenic, often disturb upper atmosphere. In this letter, we report an N-shaped pulse with period ~ 1.3 min propagating southward at ~ 0.8 km/s, observed as changes in ionospheric total electron content using continuous GNSS stations in Israel and Palestine, ~ 10 min after the August 4, 2020 chemical explosion in Beirut, Lebanon. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the disturbance reached ~ 2% of the background electrons, comparable to recently recorded volcanic explosions in the Japanese Islands. We also succeeded in reproducing the observed disturbances assuming acoustic waves propagating upward and their interaction with geomagnetic fields.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2045-2322
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82355-5
ID  - ref1
ER  -