TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Are adverse childhood experiences associated with late-life cognitive performance across racial/ethnic groups: results from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline
JO  - BMJ open
A1  - Gold, Audra L.
A1  - Meza, Erika
A1  - Ackley, Sarah F.
A1  - Mungas, Dan M.
A1  - Whitmer, Rachel A.
A1  - Mayeda, Elizabeth Rose
A1  - Miles, Sunita
A1  - Eng, Chloe W.
A1  - Gilsanz, Paola
A1  - Glymour, M. Maria
SP  - e042125
EP  - e042125
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Evidence on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and late-life cognitive outcomes is inconsistent, with little research among diverse racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether ACE exposures were associated with worse late-life cognition for all racial/ethnic groups and at different ages of exposure. <br><br>DESIGN: Covariate-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models estimated associations of: (1) total number of ACEs experienced, (2) earliest age when ACE occurred and (3) type of ACE with overall cognition. SETTING: Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 65 years and older, living in Northern California. PARTICIPANTS: Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline participants, aged 65 years and older (n=1661; including 403 Asian-American, 338 Latino, 427 Black and 493 white participants). <br><br>RESULTS: Most respondents (69%) reported one or more ACE, most frequently family illness (36%), domestic violence (23%) and parental divorce (22%). ACE count was not adversely associated with cognition overall (β=0.01; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03), in any racial/ethnic group or for any age category of exposure. Pooling across all race/ethnicities, parent's remarriage (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.03), mother's death (β=-0.18; 95% CI -0.30 to -0.07) and father's death (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.01) were associated with worse cognition. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Adverse childhood exposures overall were not associated with worse cognition in older adults in a diverse sample, although three ACEs were associated with worse cognitive outcomes.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2044-6055
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042125
ID  - ref1
ER  -