TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Chemical exposures from upholstered furniture with various flame retardant technologies
JO  - Indoor air
A1  - Davis, Aika
A1  - Ryan, Peter Barry
A1  - Cohen, Jordan A.
A1  - Harris, Debra
A1  - Black, Marilyn
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - Upholstered furniture is often manufactured with polyurethane foam (PUF) containing flame retardants (FRs) to prevent the risk of a fire and/or to meet flammability regulations, however, exposure to certain FRs and other chemicals have been linked to adverse health effects. This study developed a new methodology for evaluating volatile organic compound (VOC) and FR exposures to users of upholstered furniture by simulating use of a chair in a controlled exposure chamber and assessing the health significance of measured chemical exposure. Chairs with different fire-resistant technologies were evaluated for VOC and FR exposures via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact exposure routes. Data show that VOC exposure levels are lower than threshold levels defined by the US and global indoor air criteria. Brominated FRs were not detected from the studied chairs. The organophosphate FRs added to PUF were released into the surrounding air (0.4 ng/m(3) ) and as dust (16 ng/m(2) ). Exposure modeling showed that adults are exposed to FRs released from upholstered furniture mostly by dermal contact and children are exposed via dermal and ingestion exposure. Children are most susceptible to FR exposure/dose (2 times higher average daily dose than adults) due to their frequent hand to mouth contact.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0905-6947
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12805
ID  - ref1
ER  -