TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - The effectiveness of different types of motorcycle helmets - a scoping review
JO  - Accident analysis and prevention
A1  - Tabary, Mohammadreza
A1  - Ahmadi, Sadegh
A1  - Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein
A1  - Shojaei, Maryam
A1  - Sohrabi Asl, Masoud
A1  - Ghodsi, Zahra
A1  - Azarhomayoun, Amir
A1  - Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
A1  - Atlasi, Rasha
A1  - Araghi, Farnaz
A1  - Shafieian, Mehdi
A1  - Heydari, Seyed Taghi
A1  - Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi
A1  - O'Reilly, Gerard
A1  - Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
SP  - e106065
EP  - e106065
VL  - 154
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Protective helmets may reduce the risk of death and head injury in motorcycle collisions. However, there remains a large gap in knowledge regarding the effectiveness of different types of helmets in preventing injuries. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To explore and evaluate the effectiveness of different types of motorcycle helmets; that is the association between different helmet types and the incidence and severity of head, neck, and facial injuries among motorcyclists. Also, to explore the effect of different helmet types on riders. <br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of different scientific databases was conducted from 1965 to April 2019. A scoping review was performed on the included articles. Eligible articles were included regarding defined criteria. Study characteristics, helmet types, fixation status, retention system, the prevention of injury or reduction of its severity were extracted. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 137 studies were included. There was very limited evidence for the better protection of full-face helmets from head and facial injury compared to open-face and half-coverage helmets. There was however scarce evidence for the superiority of a certain helmet type over others in terms of protection from neck injury. The retention system and the fixation status of helmets were two important factors affecting the risk of head and brain injury in motorcyclists. Helmets could also affect and limit the riders in terms of vision, hearing, and ventilation. Multiple solutions have been discussed to mitigate these effects. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Full-face helmets may protect head and face in motorcycle riders more than open-face and half-coverage helmets, but there is not enough evidence for better neck protection among these three helmet types. Helmets can affect the rider's vision, hearing, and ventilation. When designing a helmet, all of these factors should be taken into account.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0001-4575
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106065
ID  - ref1
ER  -