TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Effects of short- and long-term aerobic-strength training and determinants of walking speed in the elderly
JO  - Gerontology
A1  - Slobodová, Lucia
A1  - Oreská, Ľudmila
A1  - Schön, Martin
A1  - Krumpolec, Patrik
A1  - Tirpáková, Veronika
A1  - Jurina, Peter
A1  - Laurovič, Jakub
A1  - Vajda, Matej
A1  - Nemec, Michal
A1  - Hečková, Eva
A1  - Šoóšová, Ivana
A1  - Cvečka, Ján
A1  - Hamar, Dušan
A1  - Turčáni, Peter
A1  - Tsai, Chia-Liang
A1  - Bogner, Wolfgang
A1  - Sedliak, Milan
A1  - Krššák, Martin
A1  - Ukropec, Jozef
A1  - Ukropcová, Barbara
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Walking speed (WS) is an objective measure of physical capacity and a modifiable risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this study, we (i) determined effects of 3-month supervised aerobic-strength training on WS, muscle strength, and habitual physical activity; (ii) evaluated capacity of long-term (21 months) training to sustain higher WS; and (iii) identified determinants of WS in the elderly. <br><br>METHODS: Volunteers (F 48/M 14, 68.4 ± 7.1 years) completed either 3-month aerobic-strength (3 × 1 h/week, n = 48) or stretching (active control, n = 14) intervention (study A). Thirty-one individuals (F 24/M 7) from study A continued in supervised aerobic-strength training (2 × 1 h/week, 21 months) and 6 (F 5/M 1) became nonexercising controls. <br><br>RESULTS: Three-month aerobic-strength training increased preferred and maximal WS (10-m walk test, p < 0.01), muscle strength (p < 0.01) and torque (p < 0.01) at knee extension, and 24-h habitual physical activity (p < 0.001), while stretching increased only preferred WS (p < 0.03). Effect of training on maximal WS was most prominent in individuals with baseline WS between 1.85 and 2.30 m·s-1. Maximal WS measured before intervention correlated negatively with age (r = -0.339, p = 0.007), but this correlation was weakened by the intervention (r = -0.238, p = 0.06). WS progressively increased within the first 9 months of aerobic-strength training (p < 0.001) and remained elevated during 21-month intervention (p < 0.01). Cerebellar gray matter volume (MRI) was positively associated with maximal (r = 0.54; p < 0.0001) but not preferred WS and explained >26% of its variability, while age had only minor effect. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Supervised aerobic-strength training increased WS, strength, and dynamics of voluntary knee extension as well as habitual physical activity in older individuals. Favorable changes in WS were sustainable over the 21-month period by a lower dose of aerobic-strength training. Training effects on WS were not limited by age, and cerebellar cortex volume was the key determinant of WS.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0304-324X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515325
ID  - ref1
ER  -