TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - The child emotion facial expression set: a database for emotion recognition in children
JO  - Frontiers in psychology
A1  - Negrão, Juliana Gioia
A1  - Osorio, Ana Alexandra Caldas
A1  - Siciliano, Rinaldo Focaccia
A1  - Lederman, Vivian Renne Gerber
A1  - Kozasa, Elisa Harumi
A1  - D'Antino, Maria Eloisa Famá
A1  - Tamborim, Anderson
A1  - Santos, Vitor
A1  - de Leucas, David Leonardo Barsand
A1  - Camargo, Paulo Sergio
A1  - Mograbi, Daniel C.
A1  - Mecca, Tatiana Pontrelli
A1  - Schwartzman, José Salomão
SP  - 666245
EP  - 666245
VL  - 12
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: This study developed a photo and video database of 4-to-6-year-olds expressing the seven induced and posed universal emotions and a neutral expression. Children participated in photo and video sessions designed to elicit the emotions, and the resulting images were further assessed by independent judges in two rounds. <br><br>METHODS: In the first round, two independent judges (1 and 2), experts in the Facial Action Coding System, firstly analysed 3,668 emotions facial expressions stimuli from 132 children. Both judges reached 100% agreement regarding 1,985 stimuli (124 children), which were then selected for a second round of analysis between judges 3 and 4. <br><br>RESULTS: The result was 1,985 stimuli (51% of the photographs) were produced from 124 participants (55% girls). A Kappa index of 0.70 and an accuracy of 73% between experts were observed. Lower accuracy was found for emotional expression by 4-year-olds than 6-year-olds. Happiness, disgust and contempt had the highest agreement. After a sub-analysis evaluation of all four judges, 100% agreement was reached for 1,381 stimuli which compound the ChildEFES database with 124 participants (59% girls) and 51% induced photographs. The number of stimuli of each emotion were: 87 for neutrality, 363 for happiness, 170 for disgust, 104 for surprise, 152 for fear, 144 for sadness, 157 for anger 157, and 183 for contempt. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that this photo and video database can facilitate research on the mechanisms involved in early childhood recognition of facial emotions in children, contributing to the understanding of facial emotion recognition deficits which characterise several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1664-1078
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666245
ID  - ref1
ER  -