TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Longitudinal association between parental-to-child-maltreatment and self-reported generalized anxiety disorder symptoms in Pakistani adolescents
JO  - Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health
A1  - Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali
A1  - Peerwani, Ghazal
A1  - Soomar, Salman Muhammad
A1  - Nathwani, Apsara Ali
A1  - Farooq, Salima
A1  - Ali, Naureen Akber
A1  - Khaliq, Asif
A1  - Kadir, Muhammad Masood
A1  - Azam, Syed Iqbal
SP  - e36
EP  - e36
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Parent-to-child maltreatment is considered one of the risk factors for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms, but this hypothesis has not been adequately tested in Pakistani settings. <br><br>AIM: This study aimed to examine the association between parent-to-child maltreatment and the risk of developing GAD symptoms among adolescents. <br><br>METHODS: The association of none to rare, occasionally, and frequently parent-to-child maltreatment with the incidence of GAD symptoms was investigated in a sample of 800 adolescents aged 11-17 years who were followed for two years. Parent-to-child maltreatment was assessed using ICAST-C (International child abuse screening tool). GAD Symptoms were determined by SCARED (Screen for children anxiety-related disorders). Cox Proportional Algorithm was used to estimate risk ratios. <br><br>RESULTS: Among children with both uneducated parents, frequently maltreatment was associated with 7.31 (2.20-24.04) times the risk of GAD symptoms compared to none to rare maltreatment. In contrast, the risk of GAD symptoms in frequently maltreated children was 5.58 times (1.40-21.97) than negligibly maltreated children with either educated parent. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing GAD symptoms in which parental education plays a crucial role. Parents should be imparted with the awareness of the consequences of child maltreatment. In Pakistani settings the need to have this awareness is even more necessary due to the culturally acceptable disciplinary measures used by parents.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1753-2000
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00387-1
ID  - ref1
ER  -