TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Status symmetry effect: the association of exposure and PTS in Israel-Palestine and Northern Ireland
JO  - Terrorism and political violence
A1  - Hirsch-Hoefler, Sivan
A1  - Vashdi, Dana R.
A1  - Lowe, Robert D.
A1  - Muldoon, Orla
A1  - Hobfoll, Stevan E.
A1  - Canetti, Daphna
SP  - 788
EP  - 805
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
N2  - A multi-national sample was used to investigate mechanisms that were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between exposure to political violence and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS). We hypothesized that a) the phase of the conflict and b) the status asymmetry of the conflicting parties would moderate the relationship between exposure and PTS symptoms. We used original data from four groups: Israelis and Palestinians (n = 2,572), and Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland (n = 343). Looking at these two conflicts, we found that the positive relationship between exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms ceases to exist in a post-conflict setting (F(1, 2053) = 4.95, p <.05, η2 = 0.002). Interestingly, we found that PTS symptoms were highest among minority group members in an ongoing conflict irrespective of exposure to political violence (F(1, 2053) = 120.74, p <.001,η2 = 0.06). We provide explanations for these findings and discuss their psychological implications for victimized groups and the wider geopolitics of intergroup conflict.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0954-6553
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2019.1590342
ID  - ref1
ER  -