TY - JOUR
PY - 1986//
TI - Retroreflective road signs: visibility at night
JO - Transportation research record
A1 - Colomb, Michele
A1 - Michaut, Gerard
SP - 58
EP - 65
VL - 1093
IS -
N2 - The legibility of retroreflective road markings, and in particular of signs, depends on many parameters, notably the luminance contrast between the message and the ground of the sign. For a given level of illumination, the luminance contrast itself depends on the retroreflection coefficients (R') of the materials used. There are a number of retroreflective products, which have different values of R', on the market. The present study was aimed at determining how variations in R' affect visibility distance (d) at night for a driver at the wheel of his vehicle, the headlights of which illuminate the sign. In the first stage, a small-scale experiment (approximately 1/10th scale) was conducted in the laboratory to identify the variables. Legibility thresholds were determined by presenting different combinations of the alphabets and colors used on road signs to observers at different luminance contrast levels. In the second stage, working from these results, simulations were carried out to quantify the influence of the various parameters, in particular R' and d. It was found that R' is only one of the parameters that affect d. Most often, multiplying R' by 3 increases d by only 30 percent. But the dimensions of the letters used for the messages play a preponderant and limiting role because of their direct relationship to visual acuity. According to earlier experiments, other parameters that are harder to quanify (incident illumination of the signs by vehicle headlamps; dirt on the headlamps, on the signs, on the windscreens; and weather conditions) are important and may require a correction of d ranging from 0 to 100 percent. The results are compared with those of similar studies carried out in the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, and Japan. Language: en
LA - en
SN - 0361-1981
UR - http://dx.doi.org/
ID - ref1
ER -