TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Adverse childhood experiences and marijuana use during pregnancy: findings from the North Dakota and South Dakota PRAMS, 2017-2019
JO  - Drug and alcohol dependence
A1  - Testa, Alexander
A1  - Jackson, Dylan B.
A1  - Boccio, Cashen
A1  - Ganson, Kyle T.
A1  - Nagata, Jason M.
SP  - e109197
EP  - e109197
VL  - 230
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Emerging research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be a risk factor for prenatal marijuana use. This study is the first to use a representative sample from state surveillance systems to assess the connection between accumulating ACEs and marijuana use during pregnancy. <br><br>METHODS: Data are from the North Dakota and South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from years 2017-2019 (N = 5399). The bivariate association between number of ACEs and marijuana use during pregnancy is assessed using a chi-square test. The multivariable association is assessed using linear probability modeling. <br><br>RESULTS: Only 0.9% of women with zero ACEs reported marijuana use during pregnancy, compared to 11.7% of women with four or more ACEs. <br><br>FINDINGS from linear probability models showed that mothers reporting two ACEs (b =0.023, 95% CI =0.003,.043), three ACEs (b =0.042, 95% CI =0.014,.069), and four or more ACEs (b =0.053, 95% CI =0.035,.071) are more likely to report marijuana use during pregnancy relative to those with zero ACEs, net of demographic and socioeconomic control variables. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Accumulating maternal ACEs -especially four or more- is associated with increased likelihood of using marijuana during pregnancy. These findings demonstrate the early life trauma is a key social determinant of health over the life course and highlights how ACEs can contribute to intergenerational harm via the worsening of health behaviors during pregnancy.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0376-8716
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109197
ID  - ref1
ER  -