TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2021//
TI  - Icing effects on air transport operation: state-of-the-art and prediction problems
JO  - Russian meteorology and hydrology
A1  - Ivanova, A. R.
SP  - 461
EP  - 473
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
N2  - The review of the studies dealing with the effects of icing on air transport operation is presented. The problems of ground-based icing leading to the deterioration of runways and complication of pre-flight aerodrome operations are discussed. The reasons for the in-flight aircraft icing, the tools and methods of icing observation, the approaches to the forecasting of icing in clouds and precipitation are considered. The methods for predicting the icing of aircraft engines in the zones with high concentration of ice crystals are analyzed.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1068-3739
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/S1068373921070050
ID  - ref1
ER  -