TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2007//
TI  - Gender and traumatic brain injury: Do the sexes fare differently?
JO  - Brain injury
A1  - Ratcliff, Jennifer J.
A1  - Greenspan, Arlene I.
A1  - Goldstein, F. C.
A1  - Stringer, Anthony Y.
A1  - Bushnik, Tamara
A1  - Hammond, Flora M.
A1  - Novack, Thomas A.
A1  - Whyte, J.
A1  - Wright, D. W.
SP  - 1023
EP  - 1030
VL  - 21
IS  - 10
N2  - Objective: To examine the relationship between gender and cognitive recovery 1 year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Patients with blunt TBI were identified from the TBI Model Systems of Care National Database, multi-centre cohort study. The included patients (n = 325) were 16-45 years at injury, admitted to an acute care facility within 24 hours, received inpatient rehabilitation, had documented admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, completed neuropsychological follow-up 1 year post-injury and did not report pre-morbid learning problems. Multivariate analyses of variance examined the unadjusted association between gender and six cognitive domains examining attention/working memory, verbal memory, language, visual analytic skills, problem-solving and motor functioning. Analyses of covariance models were constructed to determine if confounding factors biased the observed associations. Results: Females performed significantly better than males on tests of attention/working memory and language. Males outperformed females in visual analytic skills. Gender remained significantly associated with performance in these areas when controlling for confounding variables. Conclusions: These results suggest a better cognitive recovery of females than males following TBI. However, future studies need to include non-TBI patients to control for possible pre-injury gender-related differences, as well as to conduct extended follow-ups to determine the stability of the observed differences.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0269-9052
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699050701633072
ID  - ref1
ER  -