TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Equity, walkability, and active school transportation in Toronto, Canada: a cross-sectional study
JO  - Transportation research part D: transport and environment
A1  - Kunaratnam, Vijayagovry
A1  - Schwartz, Naomi
A1  - Howard, Andrew
A1  - Mitra, Raktim
A1  - Saunders, Natasha
A1  - Cloutier, Marie-Soleil
A1  - Macpherson, Alison
A1  - Fuselli, Pamela
A1  - Rothman, Linda
SP  - e103336
EP  - e103336
VL  - 108
IS  - 
N2  - Active school transportation (AST) benefits children's health. Social factors, including low-income, visible minority status, and immigration have been associated with more AST. However, the mechanism by which they influence AST is not well understood, nor is their interaction with built environment features. This cross-sectional study examined associations between area-level social factors (material deprivation, ethnic concentration, proportion recent immigrants, proportion visible minority), and AST across 105 elementary schools in Toronto, Canada, controlling for multi-dwelling density and Walk Score®. A significant association between proportion recent immigrants and AST was found in adjusted analyses (OR = 1.54, 95 %CI:1.14-2.07, per 10% increase). No significant association was found with other social factors. In analyzing effect modification, social factors appeared to have stronger associations with AST in less walkable environments. This analysis indicates that the influence of the built environment varies across social factors, suggesting the need to account for equity when promoting active travel to school.    Keywords: SR2S <p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1361-9209
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103336
ID  - ref1
ER  -