TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Salivary immune markers are not associated with self-reported childhood maltreatment or psychopathology in adults
JO  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
A1  - Tollenaar, M. S. Marieke
A1  - Pittner, K. Katharina
A1  - Buisman, R. S. M. Renate
A1  - Knipping, K. Karen
A1  - Garssen, J. Johan
A1  - Nimphy, C. A. Cosima
A1  - van den Berg, L. J. M. Lisa
A1  - Bolijn, J. E. Annelies
A1  - Alink, L. R. A. Lenneke
A1  - Elzinga, B. M. Bernet
A1  - Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. Marian
A1  - IJzendoorn, M. H. Marinus
SP  - e105867
EP  - e105867
VL  - 144
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Psychological stress has repeatedly been found to be associated with pro-inflammatory markers in blood, and neuro-inflammation may play a role in the development of psychopathology after early life stress. Salivary immune testing is a novel method to non-invasively assess immune functioning. We examined a large range of salivary immune markers in relation to self-reported childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in an adult sample. <br><br>METHODS: Participants (N = 118, 51% female, mean age = 46.6 yrs, range 22-64) were drawn from a cross-sectional three-generation study, and supplied 2 ml of saliva via passive drool. They reported on childhood maltreatment experiences and on psychopathological symptoms in the last 6 months. Hair cortisol was additionally assessed in a subsample (n = 68). Levels of IL1ß, IL6, IL8, IFNγ, TNFα, tIgE, sIgA, FLCƛ, and FLCƙ were assessed. <br><br>RESULTS: Linear mixed model analyses showed that several salivary immune markers were associated with age (sIgA and IgE), BMI (sIgA, IL1ß, and IL6), sex (FLCs and IgE), and bad health (IL6, IL8, TNFα). No associations with (anti-inflammatory) medication use or oral health problems were found. Notably, no associations between the immune markers and self-reported childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, or hair cortisol were found. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Salivary immune measures were found to be sensitive to individual differences in age, sex, health and BMI. However. in the current sample there was no indication of inflammation in relation to chronic psychological stress. Larger studies, including participants with higher stress levels, are needed to further examine associations between salivary immune markers and psychological stress.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0306-4530
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105867
ID  - ref1
ER  -