TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Surveying hate and Its effects during the COVID-19 pandemic among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders
JO  - American journal of public health
A1  - Shimkhada, Riti
A1  - Ponce, Ninez A.
SP  - 1446
EP  - 1453
VL  - 112
IS  - 10
N2  - OBJECTIVES. To summarize data collection on anti-Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) experiences during COVID-19 and measure the associations of anti-AANHPI hate incidents with mental health, health access, and public safety among AANHPI adults. <br><br>METHODS. We cataloged COVID-19 surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 on anti-AANHPI experiences. We then analyzed the 2020 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) AANHPI COVID-19 module by constructing a variable of experiencing or witnessing a hate incident and estimating its associations with serious psychological distress, forgone care, and perceived neighborhood safety. <br><br>RESULTS. Estimates of being a victim of a hate incident ranged from 6% to 30%. In the CHIS, 28% of respondents experienced or witnessed a hate incident. Experiencing or witnessing a hate incident was significantly associated with serious psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.33), forgoing care (AOR = 2.27), and not feeling safe in one's neighborhood (AOR = 2.70). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS. Evidence from a multitude of data sources corroborates the toll of hate incidents suffered by AANHPIs. <br><br>FINDINGS regarding the negative effects of anti-AANHPI hate on mental health, health access, and public safety compel public and private investment to end victimization of AANHPI communities. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(10):1446-1453. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306977).<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0090-0036
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306977
ID  - ref1
ER  -