TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Numerical investigation of the rider's head injury in typical single-electric self-balancing scooter accident scenarios
JO  - Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
A1  - Wang, Fang
A1  - Huang, Jiaxian
A1  - Hu, Lin
A1  - Hu, Shenghui
A1  - Wang, Mingliang
A1  - Yin, Jiajie
A1  - Zou, Tiefang
A1  - Li, Qiqi
SP  - e20220495
EP  - e20220495
VL  - 19
IS  - 194
N2  - As the use of electric self-balancing scooters (ESSs) increases, so does the number of related traffic accidents. Because of the special control method, mechanical structure and driving posture, ESSs are prone to various single-vehicle accidents, such as collisions with fixed obstacles and falls due to mechanical failures. In various ESS accident scenarios, the rider's head injury is the most frequent injury type. In this study, several typical single-ESS accident scenarios are reconstructed via computational methods, and the risk of riders' head/brain injury is assessed in depth using various injury criteria. <br><br>RESULTS showed that two types of ESSs (solo- and two-wheeler) do not have clear differences in head kinematics and head injury risks; the head kinematics (or falling posture) and ESS accident scenario exhibit a distinct effect on the head injury responses; half of the analysed ESS riders have a 50% probability of skull fracture, a few riders have a 50% risk of abbreviated injury scale (AIS) 4+ brain injury, and none has a diffuse axonal injury; the ESS speed plays an important role in producing the head/brain injury in ESS riders, and generally, higher ESS speed generates higher level of predicted head injury parameters. These findings will provide theoretical support for preventing head injury among ESS riders and data support for developing and legislating ESSs.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1742-5689
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0495
ID  - ref1
ER  -