TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Increased human risk caused by cascading hazards - a framework
JO  - Science of the total environment
A1  - Zhang, Shuai
A1  - Wang, Bijiao
A1  - Zhang, Limin
A1  - Lacasse, Suzanne
A1  - Nadim, Farrokh
A1  - Chen, Yunmin
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - Cascading hazards occur frequently. Unexpected casualties and losses of properties, or even impacts on the society and the environment may ensue from failure to anticipate the amplified risks induced by cascading hazards. Current risk assessment methods pay relatively less attention to quantifying the increased human risk related to "cascading" events. An improved framework for quantifying the human risk caused by cascading hazards is proposed in this paper. The framework considers the interactions among the cascading hazards and among the vulnerabilities of elements to these hazards. Its kernel is to scientifically anticipate and gear up for any new intensified hazards, which may otherwise lead to serious social aftermath. The framework is illustrated with a multi-hazard example close to the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, which involved a chain of hazards including slope failures, a large debris flow, river damming, and flooding.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0048-9697
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159308
ID  - ref1
ER  -