TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Persistent depressive disorder-related effect of sleep disorder on the highest risk of suicide in Taiwan, 2000-2015
JO  - International journal of environmental research and public health
A1  - Hsiao, Sheng-Huang
A1  - Cheng, Chih-Chien
A1  - Lin, Iau-Jin
A1  - Yu, Chia-Peng
A1  - Huang, Yao-Ching
A1  - Huang, Shi-Hao
A1  - Sun, Chien-An
A1  - Fann, Li-Yun
A1  - Sheu, Miin-Yea
A1  - Chien, Wu-Chien
SP  - e13169
EP  - e13169
VL  - 19
IS  - 20
N2  - OBJECTIVE: to investigate whether persistent depressive disorder (PDD) affects sleep disorders (SDs) and increased suicide risk. <br><br>METHODS: in this study, we used the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to select 117,033 SD patients, of whom 137 died by suicide, and 468,132 non-SD patients, of whom 118 died by suicide, and analyzed gender, age, and co-existing diseases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. <br><br>RESULTS: the hazard ratio of suicide in SD patients was 1.429 times that of non-SD patients. The hazard ratio of suicide in female patients was 1.297 times higher than in males. Compared with people without PDD, people with PDD had a 7.195 times higher hazard ratio for suicide than those without PDD. PDD patients with SDs had a 2.05 times higher hazard ratio for suicide than those with no SDs. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: suicide risk was increased in SD patients, and the maximum suicide risk was greater in SD patients with PDD than in non-PDD patients. PDD affected SDs and increased suicide risk. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that PDD affects patients with SDs and contributes to suicide risk.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1661-7827
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013169
ID  - ref1
ER  -