TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death during electronic gaming: an international case series and systematic review
JO  - Heart rhythm
A1  - Lawley, Claire M.
A1  - Tester, Matthew
A1  - Sanatani, Shubhayan
A1  - Prendiville, Terence
A1  - Beach, Cheyenne M.
A1  - Vinocur, Jeffrey M.
A1  - Horie, Minoru
A1  - Uhm, Jae-Sun
A1  - Khongphatthanayothin, Apichai
A1  - Ayers, Mark D.
A1  - Starling, Luke
A1  - Yoshida, Yoko
A1  - Shah, Maully J.
A1  - Skinner, Jonathan R.
A1  - Turner, Christian
SP  - 1826
EP  - 1833
VL  - 19
IS  - 11
N2  - Background  Electronic gaming has recently been reported as a precipitant of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in susceptible individuals.     Objective  The purpose of this study was to describe the population at risk, the nature of cardiac events, and the type of game linked to cardiac arrhythmia associated with electronic gaming.     Methods  A multisite international case series of suspected or proven cardiac arrhythmia during electronic gaming in children and a systematic review of the literature were performed.     Results  Twenty-two patients (18 in the case series and 4 via systematic review; aged 7-16 years; 19 males [86%]) were identified as having experienced suspected or proven ventricular arrhythmia during electronic gaming; 6 (27%) had experienced cardiac arrest, and 4 (18%) died suddenly. A proarrhythmic cardiac diagnosis was known in 7 (31%) patients before their gaming event and was established afterward in 12 (54%). Ten patients (45%) had catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, 4 (18%) had long QT syndrome, 2 (9%) were post-congenital cardiac surgery, 2 (9%) had "idiopathic" ventricular fibrillation, and 1 (after Kawasaki disease) had coronary ischemia. In 3 patients (14%), including 2 who died, the diagnosis remains unknown. In 13 (59%) patients for whom the electronic game details were known, 8 (62%) were war games.     Conclusion  Electronic gaming can precipitate lethal cardiac arrhythmias in susceptible children. The incidence appears to be low, but syncope in this setting should be investigated thoroughly. In children with proarrhythmic cardiac conditions, electronic war games in particular are a potent arrhythmic trigger.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1547-5271
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.08.003
ID  - ref1
ER  -