TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Marginal structural models for estimating the longitudinal effects of community violence exposure on youths' internalizing and externalizing symptoms
JO  - Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy
A1  - Kennedy, Traci M.
A1  - Kennedy, Edward H.
A1  - Ceballo, Rosario
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal observational data pose a challenge for causal inference when the exposure of interest varies over time alongside time-dependent confounders, which often occurs in trauma research. We describe marginal structural models (MSMs) using inverse probability weighting as a useful solution under several assumptions that are well-suited to estimating causal effects in trauma research. <br><br>METHOD: We illustrate the application of MSMs by estimating the joint effects of community violence exposure across time on youths' internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Our sample included 4,327 youth (50% female, 50% male; 1.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 34.7% Black, 46.9% Hispanic,.8% Native American, 14.3%, White, 1.5%, Other race/ethnicity; M(age) at baseline = 8.62, range = 3-15) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. <br><br>RESULTS: Wave 3 internalizing symptoms increased linearly with increases in Wave 2 and Wave 3 community violence exposure, whereas effects on externalizing symptoms were quadratic for Wave 2 community violence exposure and linear for Wave 3. These results fail to provide support for the desensitization model of community violence exposure. <br><br>CONCLUSION: MSMs are a useful tool for researchers who rely on longitudinal observational data to estimate causal effects of time-varying exposures, as is often the case in the study of psychological trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1942-9681
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0001398
ID  - ref1
ER  -