TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Tramadol and cycling: is it the end of a "painful" relationship? An insight from 60,802 doping-control samples from 2012 to 2020
JO  - International journal of sports physiology and performance
A1  - Zandonai, Thomas
A1  - Peiró, Ana M.
A1  - Covelli, Caterina
A1  - de la Torre, Xavier
A1  - Botrè, Francesco
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of tramadol use among athletes from 2012 to 2020. <br><br>METHODS: All urine samples were collected from national and international in-competition doping-control tests that took place in Italy between 2012 and 2020. The analysis of the samples was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with electronic ionization and acquisition in selected ion monitoring. The cutoff tramadol concentration was >50 ng/mL. <br><br>RESULTS: Of the 60,802 in-competition urine samples we analyzed, 1.2% (n = 759) showed tramadol intake, with 84.2% (n = 637) of these coming from cyclists and 15.8% (n = 122) from other sports. In cycling, a strong and significant negative correlation was found (r = -.738; P =.003), showing a decrease of tramadol use compared with the other sports. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in tramadol prevalence in cycling in the last years may be due to (1) the deterrent action of antidoping regulations and (2) the fact that tramadol may not have any actual ergogenic effect on performance.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1555-0265
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2022-0243
ID  - ref1
ER  -