TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Long-term safety evaluation of the primary seat-belt law
JO  - Journal of transportation safety and security
A1  - Lee, Jaeyoung
A1  - Lian, Yanqi
A1  - Abdel-Aty, Mohamed
A1  - Mao, Suyi
A1  - Cai, Qing
SP  - 1976
EP  - 1996
VL  - 14
IS  - 11
N2  - Many states in the United States have passed the primary enforcement seat-belt law. Though there is strong evidence from previous studies that enhanced seat-belt enforcement interventions can substantially increase seat-belt use, thereby reducing fatalities. It is still necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of implementing the primary seat-belt law. In this study, changes in fatalities over time after the primary seat-belt law enactment are investigated using before-and-after study with the comparison group methods for fatality modification factors (FMFs). This study confirms that the number of adult fatalities without seat-belt has significantly decreased by 17.29%. Another key finding is that the fatality rates in states with a higher maximum fine amount are significantly lower than those with a lower one, however, the decrease in fatality trend is not as effective above about $100 fine. Implementing the primary seat-belt law is significantly effective in reducing fatalities without seat-belt in the long-term. Meanwhile, the relationship between fatalities reduction and the maximum fine amount is not positively linear related. It is imperative that states with the secondary seat-belt laws must reform their seat-belt laws to the primary seat-belt law. An appropriate fine amount can be determined to maximize the effectiveness of the primary seat-belt law.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1943-9962
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2022.2033901
ID  - ref1
ER  -