TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2023//
TI  - Application of the TRAP-18 Framework to U.S. and western European lone actor terrorists
JO  - Studies in conflict and terrorism
A1  - Brugh, Christine Shahan
A1  - Desmarais, Sarah L.
A1  - Simons-Rudolph, Joseph
SP  - 183
EP  - 208
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
N2  - The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and relevance of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol-18 (TRAP-18), an investigative framework to identify those at risk of lone actor terrorism. Using public information, we rated TRAP-18 items for 35 U.S. and 38 European jihadism-inspired lone actors (total N = 77). <br><br>RESULTS reveal challenges completing the TRAP-18 using public information: only four of 18 items (Pathway, Identification, Personal Grievance, Framed by Ideology) were rated present more often than absent or unknown. <br><br>FINDINGS suggest greater relevance of TRAP-18 items to U.S. lone actors, who had a higher average number of items rated present.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1057-610X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1758372
ID  - ref1
ER  -