TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2023//
TI  - Snakes on USA beaches: a new management challenge?
JO  - Ocean and coastal management
A1  - Leatherman, Stephen P.
A1  - Rangel-Buitrago, Nelson
SP  - e106540
EP  - e106540
VL  - 237
IS  - 
N2  - The beach is a vast environment filled with varied animal species, most of which are benign to humans or indifferent to their occasional interactions. One of the animals most associated with interactions in both marine and freshwater beach environments are snakes. These interactions can be traumatic events that may sometimes have tragic consequences for humans. Snake encounters on beaches have become an unexpected coastal hazard. While such occurrences are rare, they are increasing in some locations due to overpopulation, food scarcity, and warmer conditions (related to climatic change). Interactions of snakes with humans tend to draw significant and often exaggerated attention from the public and the media. Pressure is usually placed on local governmental organizations to respond in some manner to prevent further attacks. The increase in alien snake species in beach and near-beach environments have added to the problem. The purpose of this paper is to review records of snake encounters and attacks in the USA and provide some recommendations to help stakeholders make informed decisions when responding to snakes on beaches.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0964-5691
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106540
ID  - ref1
ER  -