TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2023//
TI  - Behavioral self-blame in PTSD-etiology, risk factors, and proposed interventions
JO  - International journal of environmental research and public health
A1  - Raz, Aviad
A1  - Rubinstein, Ravit
A1  - Shadach, Eran
A1  - Chaikin, Gal
A1  - Ben Yehuda, Ariel
A1  - Tatsa-Laur, Lucian
A1  - Kedem, Ron
A1  - Shelef, Leah
SP  - e6530
EP  - e6530
VL  - 20
IS  - 15
N2  - BACKGROUND: Feeling out of control during a traumatic event may evoke behavioral self-blame (BSB) to avoid feeling helpless following trauma by restoring one's sense of control. BSB is a common, persistent, and treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress symptom. The present study investigates the etiology and risk factors of BSB following a traumatic event and the reasons for its persistence over time. <br><br>METHOD: Subjects were a group of 546 Israeli ex-combat soldiers (M age = 24.93 ± 5.657) registered in an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) combat reaction clinic. All completed the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). Item 10 of the PCL-5 served to measure BSB. The PDEQ and BSI measured distress and feeling out of control during the event. We used descriptive analyses of the data, t-test, and linear regression analysis to reveal the relationship between the research variables. <br><br>RESULTS: Feeling out of control during a traumatic event often increases BSB and post-traumatic stress symptoms. A significant correlation emerged between continuing distress characterizing individuals who experience a persistent lack of control and BSB. Female combat soldiers were at a higher risk of BSB than their male counterparts. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Loss of control experienced during a traumatic event may result in persistent long-term feelings of lack of control over one's behavior.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1661-7827
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156530
ID  - ref1
ER  -