TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2023//
TI  - Long-term impacts of the Bandebereho programme on violence against women and children, maternal health-seeking, and couple relations in Rwanda: a six-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial
JO  - EClinicalMedicine
A1  - Doyle, Kate
A1  - Levtov, Ruti G.
A1  - Karamage, Emmanuel
A1  - Rakshit, Deboleena
A1  - Kazimbaya, Shamsi
A1  - Sayinzoga, Felix
A1  - Sibomana, Hassan
A1  - Ngayaboshya, Silas
A1  - Rutayisire, Fidèle
A1  - Barker, Gary
SP  - e102233
EP  - e102233
VL  - 64
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Programmes that work with parents to build couple relationship and parenting skills and include critical reflection on gender norms are a promising approach for reducing violence against women and children. However, there is limited evidence of their longer-term impact. In Rwanda, the Bandebereho programme engaged expectant and current parents of children under five years. At 21-months, Bandebereho demonstrated positive impacts on intimate partner violence (IPV), child physical punishment, maternal health-seeking, and couple relations. This study seeks to explore whether those outcomes are sustained six years later. <br><br>METHODS: A six-year follow-up to a two-arm, multi-site randomised controlled trial was conducted in four districts of Rwanda between May and September 2021. At baseline, couples were randomly assigned to either the 15-session intervention (n = 575) or a control group (n = 624). At this follow-up, 1003 men and 1021 women were included in intention to treat analysis. Generalised estimating equations with robust standard errors were used to fit the models. This study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04861870). <br><br>FINDINGS: Bandebereho has lasting effects on IPV and physical punishment of children, alongside multiple health and relationship outcomes. Compared to the control group: intervention women report less past-year physical (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.60 p < 0.001), sexual (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.37-0.67, p < 0.001), economic (OR = 0.47 95% CI 0.34-0.64, p < 0.001), and moderate or severe emotional (OR = 0.40 95% CI 0.29-0.56, p < 0.001) IPV. Intervention couples report less child physical punishment (OR = 0.72, p = 0.009 for men; OR = 0.68, p = 0.017 for women), fewer depressive symptoms (OR = 0.52, p < 0.001 for men; OR = 0.50, p < 0.001 for women), less harmful alcohol use, and improved maternal health-seeking, father engagement, and division of household labour and decision-making. <br><br>INTERPRETATION: Our study expands the evidence, demonstrating that programmes engaging men and women to promote collaborative and non-violent couple relations can result in sustained reductions in family violence six years later. FUNDING: The Echidna Giving Fund, Grand Challenges Canada, the Oak Foundation, and Wellspring Philanthropic Fund supported this study.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2589-5370
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102233
ID  - ref1
ER  -