TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2023//
TI  - Conduct disorder - a comprehensive exploration of comorbidity patterns, genetic and environmental risk factors
JO  - Psychiatry research
A1  - Tesli, Natalia
A1  - Jaholkowski, Piotr
A1  - Haukvik, Unn K.
A1  - Jangmo, Andreas
A1  - Haram, Marit
A1  - Rokicki, Jaroslav
A1  - Friestad, Christine
A1  - Tielbeek, Jorim J.
A1  - Næss, Øyvind
A1  - Skardhamar, Torbjørn
A1  - Gustavson, Kristin
A1  - Ask, Helga
A1  - Fazel, Seena
A1  - Tesli, Martin
A1  - Andreassen, Ole A.
SP  - e115628
EP  - e115628
VL  - 331
IS  - 
N2  - Conduct disorder (CD), a common mental disorder in children and adolescents, is characterized by antisocial behavior. Despite similarities with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and possible diagnostic continuity, CD has been shown to precede a range of adult-onset mental disorders. Additionally, little is known about the putative shared genetic liability between CD and adult-onset mental disorders and the underlying gene-environment interplay. Here, we interrogated comorbidity between CD and other mental disorders from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (n = 114 500) and investigated how polygenic risk scores (PRS) for mental health traits were associated with CD/CD traits in childhood and adolescence. Gene-environment interplay patterns for CD was explored with data on bullying and parental education. We found CD to be comorbid with several child and adult-onset mental disorders. This phenotypic overlap corresponded with associations between PRS for mental disorders and CD. Additionally, our findings support an additive gene-environment model. Previously conceptualized as a precursor of ASPD, we found that CD was associated with polygenic risk for several child- and adult-onset mental disorders. High comorbidity of CD with other psychiatric disorders reflected on the genetic level should inform research studies, diagnostic assessments and clinical follow-up of this heterogenous group.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0165-1781
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115628
ID  - ref1
ER  -