TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2024//
TI  - Hate-speech countering by immigrant and pro-immigrant associations in Almeria (Spain)
JO  - Social sciences (Basel)
A1  - Rodriguez Martinez, Pilar
A1  - Martinez Joya, Lucía
A1  - Villegas Lirola, Francisco
SP  - e33
EP  - e33
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
N2  - In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in anti-immigrant hate speech on social media. Drawing on interviews with 15 immigrant associations and 11 pro-immigrant associations in the southern Spanish province of Almería, as well as digital ethnography, this article explores strategies used by immigrant and pro-immigrant associations to counter hate speech. The rise of this hate speech, disseminated mainly by far-right parties, has occurred at a time when many immigrant associations have little or no access to social media platforms. However, members of all these associations (immigrant and pro-immigrant) are aware of the perverse effects of these discourses, as they have either received them on their personal social media platforms or experienced abhorrent hate-speech attacks against their members and/or users. Despite their difficulties in navigating the "glocaline political arena", they have participated in a number of projects and developed tools that allow them to generate a counter-discourse. We identify and explore the richness and diversity of these online campaigns and activities, highlighting the difficulties that immigrant associations--compared to pro-immigrant ones--face in navigating the glocaline political arena.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2076-0760
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010033
ID  - ref1
ER  -