TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2024//
TI  - Correlates of overdose among 2711 people who use drugs and live in 7 rural US sites
JO  - Drug and alcohol dependence
A1  - M, Fadanelli Monica
A1  - Doug, Livingston Melvin
A1  - Peter, Friedmann
A1  - Vivian F, Go
A1  - Wiley, Jenkins
A1  - P Todd, Korthuis
A1  - William, Miller
A1  - Mai, Pho
A1  - David, Seal
A1  - Tom, Stopka
A1  - Ryan, Westergaard
A1  - William, Zule
A1  - M, Young April
A1  - Lf, Cooper Hannah
SP  - e111261
EP  - e111261
VL  - 258
IS  - 
N2  - BACKGROUND: Overdose rates in rural areas have been increasing globally, with large increases in the United States. Few studies, however, have identified correlates of non-fatal overdose among rural people who use drugs (PWUD). The present analysis describes correlates of nonfatal overdose among a large multistate sample of rural PWUD. <br><br>METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data gathered via surveys with PWUD recruited through seven Rural Opioid Initiative (ROI) sites. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the prevalence of past 30-day overdose. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate a series of multivariable models quantifying relationships of select factors to past-month overdose; factors were selected using the Risk Environment Framework. <br><br>RESULTS: The multisite sample included 2711 PWUD, 6% of whom reported overdosing in the past 30 days. In the fully adjusted model, houselessness (AOR=2.27, 95%CI[1.48, 3.48]), a positive test result for Hepatitis C infection (AOR=1.73 95%CI[1.18, 2.52]) and heroin/fentanyl use (AOR= 8.58 95%CI [3.01, 24.50]) were associated with an increased risk of reporting past 30-day overdose, while having a high-school education or less was associated with reduced odds of overdose (AOR=0.52, 95% CI[0.37, 0.74]). <br><br>CONCLUSION: As in urban areas, houselessness, Hepatitis C infection, and the use of heroin and fentanyl were significant correlates of overdose. Widespread access to overdose prevention interventions - including fentanyl test strips and naloxone - is critical in this rural context, with particular outreach needed to unhoused populations, people living with Hepatitis C, and people using opioids.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0376-8716
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111261
ID  - ref1
ER  -