TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2024//
TI  - Mechanisms of injury leading to concussions in collegiate soccer players: a CARE Consortium Study
JO  - American journal of sports medicine
A1  - Jo, Jacob
A1  - Boltz, Adrian J.
A1  - Williams, Kristen L.
A1  - Pasquina, Paul F.
A1  - McAllister, Thomas W.
A1  - McCrea, Michael A.
A1  - Broglio, Steven P.
A1  - Zuckerman, Scott L.
A1  - Terry, Douglas P.
A1  - Arbogast, Kristy
A1  - Benjamin, Holly J.
A1  - Brooks, Alison
A1  - Cameron, Kenneth L.
A1  - Chrisman, Sara P. D.
A1  - Clugston, James R.
A1  - Collins, Micky
A1  - Difiori, John
A1  - Eckner, James T.
A1  - Estevez, Carlos
A1  - Feigenbaum, Luis A.
A1  - Goldman, Joshua T.
A1  - Hoy, April
A1  - Kaminski, Thomas W.
A1  - Kelly, Louise A.
A1  - Kontos, Anthony P.
A1  - Langford, Dianne
A1  - Lintner, Laura J.
A1  - Master, Christina L.
A1  - McDevitt, Jane
A1  - McGinty, Gerald
A1  - Miles, Chris
A1  - Ortega, Justus
A1  - Port, Nicholas
A1  - Rowson, Steve
A1  - Schmidt, Julianne
A1  - Susmarski, Adam
A1  - Svoboda, Steven
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - BACKGROUND: Few previous studies have investigated how different injury mechanisms leading to sport-related concussion (SRC) in soccer may affect outcomes. <br><br>PURPOSE: To describe injury mechanisms and evaluate injury mechanisms as predictors of symptom severity, return to play (RTP) initiation, and unrestricted RTP (URTP) in a cohort of collegiate soccer players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. <br><br>METHODS: The Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium database was used. The mechanism of injury was categorized into head-to-ball, head-to-head, head-to-body, and head-to-ground/equipment. Baseline/acute injury characteristics-including Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-3 total symptom severity (TSS), loss of consciousness (LOC), and altered mental status (AMS); descriptive data; and recovery (RTP and URTP)-were compared. Multivariable regression and Weibull models were used to assess the predictive value of the mechanism of injury on TSS and RTP/URTP, respectively. <br><br>RESULTS: Among 391 soccer SRCs, 32.7% were attributed to a head-to-ball mechanism, 27.9% to a head-to-body mechanism, 21.7% to a head-to-head mechanism, and 17.6% to a head-to-ground/equipment mechanism. Event type was significantly associated with injury mechanism [χ(2)(3) = 63; P <.001), such that more head-to-ball concussions occurred in practice sessions (n = 92 [51.1%] vs n = 36 [17.1%]) and more head-to-head (n = 65 [30.8%] vs n = 20 [11.1]) and head-to-body (n = 76 [36%] vs n = 33 [18.3%]) concussions occurred in competition. The primary position was significantly associated with injury mechanism [χ(2)(3) = 24; P <.004], with goalkeepers having no SRCs from the head-to-head mechanism (n = 0 [0%]) and forward players having the least head-to-body mechanism (n = 15 [19.2%]). LOC was also associated with injury mechanism (P =.034), with LOC being most prevalent in head-to-ground/equipment. Finally, AMS was most prevalent in head-to-ball (n = 54 [34.2%]) and head-to-body (n = 48 [30.4%]) mechanisms [χ(2)(3) = 9; P =.029]. In our multivariable models, the mechanism was not a predictor of TSS or RTP; however, it was associated with URTP (P =.044), with head-to-equipment/ground injuries resulting in the shortest mean number of days (14 ± 9.1 days) to URTP and the head-to-ball mechanism the longest (18.6 ± 21.6 days). <br><br>CONCLUSION: The mechanism of injury differed by event type and primary position, and LOC and AMS were different across mechanisms. Even though the mechanism of injury was not a significant predictor of acute symptom burden or time until RTP initiation, those with head-to-equipment/ground injuries spent the shortest time until URTP, and those with head-to-ball injuries had the longest time until URTP.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0363-5465
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465241240789
ID  - ref1
ER  -