TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - From Perceived Stress to Demoralization in Parkinson Disease: A Path Analysis
JO  - Frontiers in psychiatry
A1  - de Figueiredo, J.M.
A1  - Zhu, B.
A1  - Patel, A.
A1  - Kohn, R.
A1  - Koo, B.B.
A1  - Louis, E.D.
SP  - 
EP  - 
VL  - 13
IS  - 
N2  - OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether depression and anxiety are mediators between perceived stress and demoralization via a loss of the cognitive map to get out of the predicament manifesting as subjective incompetence. <br><br>METHODS: Ninety-five consecutive outpatients with Parkinson's disease were evaluated for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, subjective incompetence, and demoralization using reliable and valid scales. Inclusion criteria were ages 40-90, intact cognition, and no current history of substance use. The setting was a Movement Disorders Clinic at a university-affiliated hospital. The outcome variable was demoralization, selected a priori. Mediators between perceived stress and demoralization were examined using path analysis. <br><br>RESULTS: Depression, anxiety, and subjective incompetence were mediators between perceived stress and demoralization. Among all variables, subjective incompetence was the largest contributor to demoralization. Depression connected to demoralization indirectly via subjective incompetence (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), whereas anxiety bypassed subjective incompetence (β = −0.01, p = 0.882), connecting directly to demoralization (β = 0.37, p = 0.008). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Early treatment and reversal of subjective incompetence and anxiety could potentially prevent the escalation of demoralization and the associated disruption in health-related quality of life and eventual suicide. Copyright © 2022 de Figueiredo, Zhu, Patel, Kohn, Koo and Louis.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1664-0640
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.876445
ID  - ref1
ER  -