TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - The Great Divide: Education, Despair, and Death
JO  - Annual review of economics
A1  - Case, A.
A1  - Deaton, A.
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
VL  - 14
IS  - 
N2  - Deaths of despair, morbidity, and emotional distress continue to rise in the United States, largely borne by those without a college degreethe majority of American adultsfor many of whom the economy and society are no longer delivering. Concurrently, all-cause mortality in the United States is diverging by education in a way not seen in other rich countries. We review the rising prevalence of pain, despair, and suicide among those without a bachelor's degree. Pain and despair created a baseline demand for opioids, but the escalation of addiction came from pharma and its political enablers. We examine the politics of despair, or how less-educated people have abandoned and been abandoned by the Democratic Party. Whereas healthier states once voted Republican in presidential elections, now the less-healthy states do. We review deaths during COVID-19, finding that mortality in 2020 maintained or exacerbated existing relative mortality differences between those with and without college degrees. © 2022 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1941-1383
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-015607
ID  - ref1
ER  -